TCP
Transmission Control Protocol
- Connection-oriented (3-way handshake)
- Reliable delivery guaranteed
- Packets arrive in order
- Error checking and recovery
- Flow control (prevents overload)
- Header size: 20+ bytes
Best for: Web, email, file transfers, databases
UDP
User Datagram Protocol
- Connectionless (no handshake)
- Best-effort delivery only
- No ordering guarantee
- Minimal error checking
- No flow control
- Header size: 8 bytes only
Best for: Streaming, VoIP, gaming, DNS
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